To date, there are parental school choice programs in 14 states, including the District of Columbia. Low income families in Milwaukee have had a parental school choice program for over 15 years, and Cleveland families have had school choice for over 10 years. Maine and Vermont have had school choice programs for more than 100 years. Research on school choice programs consistently shows that participating students perform better, parents are more involved with their children's education, and public schools improve in response.